Andrzejewski, Tadeusz (1923-1961) Egyptologist; he was born at Lódź; after leaving school he joined the staff of the National Museum in Warsaw in the 1940s, and was appointed to a post in Warsaw University, 1951; he became secretary of the Polish Archaeological Mission in Cairo, 1959; he assisted Kazimierz Michalowski at the excavations at Mirmeki, 1956, next spending four years at Tell Atrib, 1957-61 in the Egyptian Delta; during his last year here he made an independent survey of many of the archaeological sities of the Delta and prepared a report on them; during the reconstruction work carried out by the Polish Arch. Institute at the temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari he was responsible for the ephigraphic work; the Egyptian Antiquities Service also had chosen him to publish the tomb of Ramesses III, all the notes for this being almost completed at his death; he took part in the Polish expedition to Nubia, 1959, and made the documentation survey of Faras; he published 2 books in French, 23 articles, a History of Ancient Egypt, a book on Egyptian poetry, a new commentary on Faraon by Boleslaw Prus; Księga Umarlych piastunki Kai, and many others. (16)

Bieńkowski, Piotr Ignacy, Lada (1865-1925) Classical scholar, archaeologist; he studied classical philology and history at the University of Lwów, Univ. of Berlin (under Th.Mommsen); he continued his studies in Vienna, Rome and Athens, habilitation at the University of Cracow; he created at Cracow the first chair of classical archaeology at a Polish university; in the season of 1910-11 as a representative of the Cracow Academy, he took part in Austrian excavations conducted by Junker in el-Kubania heading the fieldwork at the Coptic monastery at a site called Mount of Isis. (45)

Burattini, Tito Livio (1617-1681) Italian-Polish traveller, inventor, draughtsman, amateur Egyptologist and architect; was in Egypt in the years 1637-41; he worked there on a new map of Egypt; in 1639 co-operated with John Greaves on his research at the Giza pyramids, he also executed measurements, plans and drawings of other Egyptian subjects; his drawings were included in Pyramidographia, 1646; his materials were also used by A.Kirchner in Oedipus Aegyptiacus 1653; in 1641 he settled in Poland; Burattini tried to introduce some Egyptianizing elements into Polish architecture. (73)

Czartoryski, Wladyslaw /Prince/ (1828-1894) nobleman and collector; a political activist in exile; owner of the great family collection of art: paintings, sculptures, antiquities; he transfered his part of collection from Paris to Cracow and opened in 1876 an museum; among the antiquities which are only a part of this rich collection some Egyptian objects are very important; he also donated many interesting objects to the Cracov University; the closing years of his life were devoted to setting up and expanding the family collection in Cracow; he was greatly interested in Egyptian art, making his purchases at sales in Paris and directly in Egypt; in winter 1889/90 Czartoryski made a trip to Egypt in order to settle his affairs connected with the purchases for his collection. Other members of the Czartoryski family was also interested in Egyptian art: Izabela Dzialynska (1830-1899), sister of Wladyslaw, Marceli Adam (1841-1909) and August, son of Wladyslaw. (114)

Michalowski, Kazimierz (1901-1981) Classical archeologist and Egyptologist; he studied classical archaeology and art history at the Lwów University; he studied at the Universities and Archaeological Institutes of Berlin, Heidelberg, Munster, Paris, Rome, Athens and Cairo; 1939-81 he acted as the Vice-director of the National Museum in Warsaw and headed the chair of classical archaeology at the Univ. of Warsaw; during this time he educated a solid group of specialists in classical, Near Eastern and Egyptian archaeology; his own interest in Egyptology began in 1937-39 taking part in French-Polish excavations at Tell Edfu, organized by him, and published later in three volumes; objects coming from Edfu enriched the collection of the Warsaw National Museum; after World War II he participated very actively in the reconstruction of Polish academic life and in building Polish participation in the international programme of studies on Mediterranean cultures; in 1959 he founded in Cairo the Polish Centre for Mediterranean Archaeology, now named after him; M. was a specialist in many areas of Egyptian art and archaeology; he directed Polish excavations on many sities Tell Atrib from 1957, Alexandria from 1960, Dabod 1961, Faras 1961-64, Deir el-Bahari from 1961; Dongola from 1964; 1963-71 he presided over the International Commitee of Experts for Rescue the Abu Simbel temple; among his very lot publications was famous L'Art de l'ancienne Egypte 1968 (Engl.transl. The Art of Ancient Egypt). (286)

Poczobutt-Odlanicki, Marcin (1728-1810) Astronomer; he wrote papers on the Dendera zodiac Essais sur l'epoque de l'antiquite du zodiaque de Denderah (Tinthyris), 1803 with editions in Polish, German and Russian; Recherches sur l'antique du zodiaque de Denderah (Tinthyris), 1805. (338)

Potocki, Jan /comte/ (1761-1815) Writer and traveller; he visited Egypt in 1784 and published an account of his journey; he also interested about Egyptian chronology; Voyage en Turquie, en Egypte, fait en 1784, 1788, Dynasties du second livre de Manethon, 1805, Examen critique du fragment egyptien connu sous le nom de l'ancienne chronique, 1808. (342)

Radziwill, Mikolaj Krzysztof, called "Orphan" (1549-1616) Nobleman, traveller and diarist; during the years 1852-54 he undertook a pilgrimage to the Holy Land; he spent about 2 months in Egypt; he was at the Pyramids, climbing to the top of the Cheops Pyramid; he purchased two mummies and some artifacts; he wrote up his travels about 1590; a latin translation was made, which appeared as Hierosolymitana peregrinatio, 1601, and subsequent editions. (346)

Schmidt-Ciążyński, Konstanty (1817-1889) Art collector; owner of a fine collection of scarabs and gnostic gems from Egypt; he lived mainly in France, travelling to Italy and England in search for art objects; as a dealer he was renowned; his shop in Paris - Quai 3 Voltaire was well-known; in his old age he decided to offer some of his art objects to Polish museums; in 1884 his glyptic collection of 2517 items was transferred to the National Museum of Cracow. (379)

Sękowski, Józef Julian (1800-1858) Orientalist; he was educated at the University of Vilna; in 1820 he travelled with a Swedish priest Jakob Berggren to Syria and Egypt as far as Abu Simbel, returning in 1821; in 1822 he was appointed Professor in Oriental Languages at the Univ. of St.Petersburg; in 1826 he presented a unique demotic papyrus to the Library of the Jagiellonian University of Cracow (384)

Śmieszek, Antoni Józef (1881-1943) Egyptologist and linguist; he studied linguistics and classical philology at the Univ. of Cracow, 1901 and later at the Universities of Munich,Berlin and London; a chair of Egyptology was created for him at Poznań, 1921-23 and later at Warsaw, 1934-39; he wrote on Egyptian religion and linguistics in Polish periodicals and general collective works; he died in Gottingen. (394)

Smoleński, Tadeusz Samuel (1884-1909) Egyptologist; after research work on the history of Poland he was sent to Egypt for his health, 1905; here he learnt Arabic but after visiting Cairo Museum and seeing the monuments he decided to make Egyptology his career; he applied to Maspero and obtained a post in the library of the French Institute and studied Egyptian; he was later able to devote himself entirely to study, his first Egyptological work being Etat actuel des recherches egyptologiques, 1906; he directed an archaeological expedition to Sharuna near Oxyrynchus, 1907, discovering a huge necropolis of various periods, see his article on the tomb of a VIth Dynasty prince in ASAE8; he also excavated another necropolis at el-Gamhud; some artifacts are in the Cracow Museums. Les peuples maritimes du nord a l'epoque de Ramses II et de Merenptah published after his death; S. was the real pioneer of Polish Egyptology and excavation and his early death cut short a career of great promise.(398)

Tyszkiewicz, Michal /count/ (1828-1897) Collector; he spent the winter season of 1861-62 in Egypt and Nubia visiting ancient monuments; in Cairo he became acquainted with A.Mariette and obtained from the Viceroy Said Pasha permission to conduct excavations in Egypt; from Dec. 1861 to Jan 1862 he undertook excavations at Luxor behind the temple of Karnak and the West Bank; he purchased two private collection in Cairo; he visited Egypt again in 1867-68; his last collection was sold after his death at an auction in Paris; many objects from the Tyszkiewicz collection are now in Paris, London, Copenhagen, Berlin, Boston and Rome; in Poland only a small amount of antiquities from T. collection, which to the Tyszkiewicz Palace at Lohojsk (White Rutenia) can be identified; in 1901 this collection was transferred to Warsaw; now in the National Museum are only about 100 items; his travels and activity T. was described in Diary of a Journey to Egypt and Nubia, Paris 1863. (420)

Walek-Czarnecki, Tadeusz Bronislaw (1889-1949) Historian; he studied history and archaeology at the Jagiellonian Univ., as a pupil of Piotr Bieńkowski; in 1910 he went abroad and studied in Berlin under E.Meyet and A.Erman, and in Paris under A.Moret; in the winter of 1913-14 he took part in the Austrian excavations at Giza conducted by Junker; at the International Congress of Population, Paris 1937, he presented a paper La population de l'Egypte ancienne; professor of Ancient History at the Warsaw Univ.; during the years 1939-41 and 1945 he stayed at IFAO, Cairo, from 1949 he resided in England; Historia Grecji, 1934, Dzieje ekonomiczne świata starożytnego, 1948. (429)

Wislocki, Mikolaj (1821-1886) Collector, amateur archaeologist and traveller; he stayed in Egypt in 1844-45 sailing along the Nile from Delta up to the cataracts; he met Lepsius at Thebes and began a close friendship; he took part in Lepsius' activities at Karnak and in his other undertakings in Upper Egypt; some artifacts from his collection are in the Cracow Museums. (449)